Since light cannot pass through a black hole does that mean light has mass?

No, it doesn’t. Light is a wave. What is the weight of a musical note?

Also why does light form a singularity in a black hole?

It doesn’t, the singularity is the name by which the actual mass of the black hole is known by. In short singularity is the mass in the middle, black hole is the phenomenon caused by that mass, but they’re mostly the same thing.

Is that like a fixed point on a map or something?

Sorta, think of a black hole like a drain emptying a huge pool, you can feel it sucking the water the closer you are to it. The singularity is the drain, but from the outside you can feel the water being pulled from much farther away, and that’s the black hole.

And can you travel to that fixed point after the black hole has its way with it?

What point? The singularity? No. That is the black hole, it’s like asking whether you can travel to the sun after the star had its way with it, you’re using two words that mean the same as if they were different things.

And if the velocity of a black hole is so intense that it exceeds the speed of light, then would that mean we have a new speed to consider?

Black holes don’t have any velocity, they just are. Think on the drain example I gave, the drain is not moving, but the water around it is.

If so can you explain what speed is that is faster than light?

No speed is faster than light. Again, light is a wave, not a physical object, imagine the drain again, you’re making ripples in the water, and you see that those ripples get near the drain and are “pulled down”, you might conclude that the ripples are attracted to the hole, but in reality it’s just that the medium they’re moving on (water) is being pulled into it and so ripples on that medium get dragged along.

Cool, that looks like a beefy system for that price, glad to see options, but:

• It doesn’t list sizes, mini ITX is usually significantly larger than the Steam Machine.
• Are they shipping it with SteamOS and will they support it? The page seems to imply it’s coming bare and pointing you to a tutorial on how to install it yourself and marking that as a positive.
• Will it have CEC? I see no mention of it anywhere.
• Will it support low power standby and fast resume? Especially during games? I know that’s mostly a software thing, but are they making sure it’s supported here?
• Can it be woken from that state with a controller?
• Does it have an internal steam controller antenna?
• Or a wifi one?
• Or a Bluetooth one?

Looks like a good build considering current pricing, but realistically it’s missing a bunch of the core features of the Steam Machine that seems to fly over people’s heads

You reminded me of a joke. In Brazil there are lots of jokes about Portuguese being dumb, kinda like blonde jokes. There’s one where the Portuguese says “Brazilians are way too naive, anything you tell them they believe you, I was in a cruise ship with one of them, I lied to him and told them I was gay, he believed me and spent the entire trip fucking me in the ass”

I would have to go with either the Steam Deck or the Oculus Quest. But realistically I’ve spent orders of magnitude more time on the Steam Deck so I’ll go with that. But both were revolutionary in a way that no other console approached. Sure, the PS2 was great, but it was just a PlayStation with better graphics, and the PlayStation was AMAZING, but in my mind it was a Nintendo with better graphics.

I think that the position and state of every single electron is mostly irrelevant. My alternating greeting can be made with a paper having one side written each greeting and flipping it every time, you also don’t need to know the state of every subatomic particle there, even though there is a possibility that every single electron in that piece of paper suddenly moves away and the vacuum in electrical charge causes a rush of electricity that vaporizes the whole room… Yeah it’s possible, but you’re a dumbass if you think that possibility is worth calculating.

The same is true for a computer, and again you’re mixing up “I can’t possibly know that” with “it’s unknowable”. Knowing the electrical charge at each position of the computer is knowable, knowing the electrical charge at each position of a brain is also knowable, but while knowing that information on a computer allows you to predict its outcome, the same is not true for a brain.

The uncertainty principle does NOT apply to LLMs and absolutely, unquestionably does NOT apply to my alternating algorithm. You need to understand the difference between “I don’t know” and “It’s unknowable”.

That’s a very Newtonian way to look at the world. Even IF that was correct (which is not because of the uncertainty principle), if you go down that road you will get to the conclusion that everything is intelligent even a simple program that chooses an alternate greeting between Hello and Hi can be considered intelligent by that standard.

Don’t get fooled by clever tricks from developers, LLMs are a mathematical function, where it gets the chain of numbers you give it and returns a new chain of numbers. LLMs are 100% predeterministic, programmers purposefully make them choose a random response within a degree of tolerance instead of picking the correct answer.

I saw you making this claim on another comment, this is COMPLETELY different from how humans/animals/plants think. LLMs are incapable of thought, incapable of learning, and incapable of understanding, that’s why they fail dumb tests like “how many Rs in strawberry”, they’re just average machines.

They’re not useless, they’re not intelligent, they’re a tool, you don’t think your calculator is intelligent because it can do math you can’t, and shouldn’t think an LLM is intelligent because it can aggregate texts that you can’t.

All that being said, you’re correct that LLMs do pass the Turing test, but that doesn’t mean what you think it does, it just means they’re very good at pretending to.

I’m not saying its not possible, I am disagreeing that his is a valid point as an argument for “the distro does not matter” statement.

But when the question is between Ubuntu and Kubuntu you can “convert” between them very easily. Not to mention that the fundamental difference between all Debian based distros is the version of the packages they offer, so you can very easily jump between them expecting most things to be the same.

These are not the only reasons, but good reasons WHY the distribution matters. BTW I also think that some distributions are technically superior for certain use cases. In example CachyOS is more up to date, has optimizations even on Kernel level, compared to an old Debian distribution that is focused on stability. These are technical differences that matter, for whatever you want to achieve. It’s not just a personal taste.

Yes, that matters for you, it doesn’t matter for someone who just wants something to use. That contributes to the decision paralysis of switching to Linux, when we say distro doesn’t matter we’re trying to remove that hurdle, because for the average guy that will just use his computer the difference between Debian and CachyOS is the name. Someone without experience in Linux doesn’t understand what stability means, they think it means the system won’t crash so they always try to use stable distros and get frustrated because they’re out of date, or alternatively they think they want bleeding edge until it cuts them. And that’s the crux of the issue, when we make a distro choice, it matters because we understand the differences, when a new user is trying to pick their first distro they’re essentially throwing a dice, it doesn’t matter where it lands, it matters how they feel about it.

It’s hard for us to put ourselves back in the shoes of someone just getting started,

They are thetorical questions

But they’re not, they might be to you or me, but for someone without Linux knowledge they’re very real questions. I have answered some form of some of those from people in the past.

If they don’t understand the differences, then they SHOULD research and debate until they do.

Oh really? Would you mind telling me what’s the difference between Pop, Ubuntu and Mint in a way that would matter for someone who doesn’t understand anything about Linux?

Choosing a random distribution and hopping until they understand is not only waste of time and resources, it will teach them wrong lessons this way.

Having to research what to use before understanding the difference will teach them nothing and make them give up before starting.

I for myself researched for months before I landed on Ubuntu in 2008 as the default, to replace Windows XP. Then I kept using it for… I think 15 years straight or so (forgot the exact numbers).

Yeah, but 2008 was a very different playing field than it is today. 2008 we were almost unanimously recommending Ubuntu or Mint, every forum you asked, every thread you found online it would have been essentially the same recommendation. It’s easy to make the decision then. Today if you open 4 different articles from 4 different sites you will likely get at least 4 different answers to which distro you should choose. And theyake it seem like it’s this big important decision that you have to get right the first time around, that’s the mentality we’re trying to fight.

I don’t like the analogy of “clothes” or someone else with “colors”. Distributions are extremely complex and there is way more work and knowledge involved, they have way more impact and dependencies.

An expert in clothes might tell you the same about them, and that’s what you’re missing, you are an expert, to you the difference between Mint and Pop is concrete and mensurable, to someone who doesn’t understand what I package manager is it’s just vague words without any meaning.

And to your point if someone asks me “do clothes matter?” i will say “off course”. Not just to contradict you, but because I think clothes do matter depending on how they fit to me, to the situation I am and how nice it feels, how it looks and so on. Even on practical side, if it rains or if I want to swim. While I don’t like this clothes analogy, I still wanted answer that question you assumed I would say “no”.

Cool, now explain to an alien who walks around naked why this jean and t-shirt is different from that jeans and t-shirt.

Just because it does not matter for most, does not mean that it does not matter at all.

And if the alien above asked you what clothes to wear to go to the supermarket, you would just say “any jeans and t-shirt would do”, only to have dozen of other people telling him “use this shirt and this pants”, “No, that’s a bad color combination for your eye color, use this one instead”, “No, that show is hard to lace, use this outfit instead”, “You’re not really dressed unless you wear a custom tailor suit”, etc, etc…

They don’t know it does not matter.

Precisely why we tell them it doesn’t.

I think there are choices better suited to them, even if they don’t know and say it does not matter - it does, they just don’t know it yet.

Yes, exactly, but they won’t know until they understand, and you won’t know until they understand, and they won’t understand until they do, and no amount of reading will make them understand. The initial choice between 5 different “noob” friendly distros doesn’t matter, the understanding you get from that will guide your next step, trying to take the next step before knowing where you’re standing is a recipe for disaster

I see often people say that the distro you are using doesn’t matter.

For certain things it doesn’t. Usually this is brought up in the context of someone wanting to choose between 5 possible valid alternatives to start using Linux, and the advice is “it doesn’t matter, just pick whichever and when something annoys you you might understand the difference”

One can turn any distro into another. And I do not agree with that.

You can disagree all you want, it’s 100% possible, stupid, but possible.

If that was true, why do we even have so many distributions?

Because philosophy matters. You don’t pick a distro because it’s technically superior or because it has features others don’t have (with some exceptions like NixOS). You pick a distro because it’s philosophy speaks to you, be it “I aim to be user friendly” or “I aim to follow KISS”. This is why for the most part distro doesn’t matter for newcomers, because they’re looking at 5 examples of “I aim to be user friendly and…” distros.

• … why distro hop?

Because I want to try something different and see how I feel about it.

• … why don’t you use Ubuntu then?

I did, for a long time, then I decided that building my system up was easier than tearing it down. If I was using Plasma or Gnome I wouldn’t have switched probably.

• … why don’t you recommend Archlinux to a newcomer?

Because Arch philosophy is KISS, meaning you have to build everything from the ground up and you’re expected to understand the steps and read the manual. This is why I believe distros like Manjaro or CachyOS cause issues, they remove the initial hurdle of Arch but don’t change the core philosophy, making them ticking time bombs for people who don’t know their way around Linux.

• … why don’t you use Kali Linux as a server?

You do you, my servers don’t usually need all of the extra tools a distro with the philosophy of “I’m a pen tester tool” has.

• … why don’t you use Batocera or SteamOS as your daily driver?

Because usually I want my daily driver to do computer stuff, and those distros philosophy is “I’m a gaming console”

• … why do you trust a community distro more than a corporate distro? (or vice versa)

I don’t trust either more inherently than the other, I trust distros that have a track history of good behavior.

I don’t think that distros only matter to newcomers. Maybe it matters for experienced users even more.

Distros matter, they tell a lot about what you’re trying to accomplish. But most newcomers are debating for days whether they should use Ubuntu, Pop, Mint, Fedora or CachyOS, and realistically they’re unlikely to even understand the difference between those. Think on distros like clothes, if you’re just going to the market it doesn’t matter what clothes you wear, if you’re going to a job interview it matters, and if you’re going to do something very specific like swimming some clothes are simply better than others. But if someone asks you “do clothes matter?” You will probably reply no, because for most stuff you do as long as you’re not wearing clothes with holes in them you’re fine, but you can tell a lot about people by the clothes they decide to wear. It’s a similar thing for distros, for most stuff it doesn’t matter, for certain things it’s important for others it gives some information and for some specific cases it makes a huge difference, but for the most part it’s a personal choice.

AI will not be able to replace intellectual workers, not as it is now anyways. The only people who think that either don’t understand the intellectual work or the LLMs.

For an AI to be able to do that it would need to be an AGI, which we’re not even close to. And if it gets created it’s not just intellectual workers that are at risk, in fact intellectual workers would be the last one to be replaced.

LLMs are a neat trick, they provide some usefulness and can be used to improve productivity. But the moment you give them any autonomy they will destroy everything. And that’s a core issue with the technology, LLMs don’t understand what they’re replying to, they’re just a word predicting machine. Expecting LLMs to do any form of intellectual work is akin to saying accountants will lose their jobs because calculators exist.