
Like others said, sounds like hardware. But before you toss the drive, you said SSD, if it’s an ssd try different cables connecting to different ports. If it’s nvme try reseating it at least, moving it to another port if you have a 2nd. Just saying that sometimes ports and cables fail, so make sure you rule those out before losing hope.
Also possible it’s a bios thing, like maybe the port itself on got disabled in bios or controller got switched to raid mode.

Sorry, I think my reading comprehension was shit there… I got fixated on rescue usb not seeing the disk.
No, I wouldn’t expect it to be a bad port if grub is loading (and the grub partition is on the same disk). Bios not booting at all with disk removed is strange too, I’d expect it to just boot the usb if that were plugged in while disk is not.
You said usb rescue lsblk doesn’t list the disk, guessing it doesn’t show up under /dev/disk/by-id either? lspci? How about with a windows install usb, does it see the disk?